The history of tobacco is long and filled with many interesting facts and stories. Would you like to know more about it? We have prepared detailed information for you on how this raw material, now used in the production of cigarettes, vape, and snus, became so popular. 

What is Tobacco?

The term tobacco refers to: 

  • several plants of the genus Nicotiana from the Solanaceae family, laso known as nightshades. Today, there are more than 70 species of tobacco, but the commercial crops used in the production of most cigarettes and other tobacco products are Nicotiana tabacum and its stronger version Nicotiana rustica,  
  • any product made from the leaves of these plants.

In addition to other components, tobacco contains the stimulant alkaloid nicotine, which is known to be addictive. It binds to acetylcholine receptors, stimulating them to release so-called “happiness molecules,” including feelings of joy and relaxation.  

Where Does Tobacco Come From?

Information about who discovered tobacco and its origin varies. However, most experts agree that this substance originates from Native Americans, who began chewing and smoking it thousands of years ago. 

There are several reasons why Americans experimented with tobacco. According to legends, there was a Native American shaman who wanted to invoke rain during periods of drought. Knowing that rain is associated with clouds, he decided to send his own “dark clouds” to the sky.

Whether the smoke helped the Native American tribe is uncertain. However, it is definitely succeeded in finding a new source of entertainment and relaxation for humanity.  

By the time Columbus discovered America, smoking was already widespread among chiefs, priests, and shamans. It mainly served the natives to connect with nature and the gods.

When Was Tobacco Discovered?

Tobacco, in the form we know today, began to be cultivated about 8,000 years ago in America, according to scientists.

However, first concrete evidence of smoking dates back to around the year 0, with the practice particularly noted among the indigenous people of Peru. Following them, from around 470, the Mayans in present-day Mexico, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala also took up smoking. The Mayans are credited with significantly spreading tobacco as they brought it to the Mississippi region during their migration.  

Despite the pleasant sensations and good mood associated with tobacco use, it remained a part of religious and political ceremonies for many years.  

The Spread of Tobacco to Europe

The spread of tobacco to Europe was facilitated by Christopher Columbus’s crew, who were welcomed by the American natives with fruit and dried leaves that “gave off a strong scent”. 

Columbus himself was not very interested in tobacco and paid little attention to it. However, some members of his crew noticed the locals using it, particularly the smoke. They described this act as “dinking smoke” because the term “smoking” did not exist at that time. 

The first non-American person believed to have smoked tobacco is the Spaniard Rodrigo de Jerez, who travelled with Columbus. However, upon returning to his homeland, he was imprisoned because people claimed that only the devil could exhale smoke from his mouth and nose.

The belief that tobacco was devilish quickly faded. By the time Jerez was released from prison seven years later, a craze had erupted in Spain and other parts of Europe. Everyone wanted to try the mysterious plant. 

Tobacco as Medicine

The spread of tobacco in Europe was also aided by its use as a medicine. The most notable pioneer in this regard was Queen Catherine de Medici, who suffered from severe migraines. French ambassador Jean Nicot advised her to crush tobacco leaves and inhale the powder through her nose. The queen followed his advice, and according to her, the headaches disappeared.  

The miraculous effects of tobacco did not go unnoticed. The queen openly talked about them in society, leading many high-ranking individuals to try the dried leaves of the plant. 

The Growing Popularity of Tobacco in China and Japan

Tobacco established a stable place in European society and began to spread further. It didn’t take long for the plant’s leaves, in various forms, to tried by residents of Russia, Turkey, and China. Poruguese and Dutch ships even reached the maor Japanese ports of Nagasaki and Kagoshima.

 After China and Japan, Africa Followed, supplied with tobacco by the French and Portuguese. 

Restrictions and Regulations on Tobacco

The rapid growth in tobacco’s popularity led many authorities to try to restrict or regulate its use. For example, King James I of England called smoking a “barbaric habit”, and Sultan Murad executed anyone caught smoking in public.  

Some rulers took a different approach. King Louis XIII of France declared tobacco a medicine, to be used only by prescription. The Spanish government attempted to ban its cultivation in Cuba and Puerto Rico in 1606 but was unsuccessful.  

Various Ways of Consuming Tobacco

Native Americans consumed tobacco in dozens of ways. Besides inhaling the smoke through cigars, they also snuffed it or even made a paste from it to stave off thirst and hunger.  

Europeans were an absolute opposite of Americans. They initially used tobacco only in the form of ground powder that they inhaled or smoked in pipes. Cigars became popular in the early 19th century, and traditional cigarettes gained flavour only in the 1880s, when production costs dropped significantly.  

Types of Tobacco

The spread of tobacco led to the development of various strains, differing in taste and nicotine content. Some of the most popular types include: 

Virginia Tobacco

Its history began in the first half of the 19th century when there was a demand for milder and lighter tobacco. Producers experimented with different products, but a breakthrough came in 1839 with the cultivation of the first truly light tobacco in the sand, infertile soil of North Carolina.  

Today, Virginia tobacco is also grown in Brazil and Zimbabwe. Its leaves are dried with hot air in closed spaces, giving it a pleasant sweet taste, making it ideal for cigarette production.  

Burley Tobacco

Burley tobacco was developed by George Webb in 1864. It is known for being light, with leaves air-dried to achieve a light colour and a slightly nutty taste.  

Burley tobacco is commonly used in the production of cigarettes and pipe tobacco. 

Oriental Tobacco

Also known as Turkish tobacco. Besides Turkey, it is grown in Greece, Bulgaria, Lebanon, and North Macedonia. The leaves are sun-dried, giving them a strong aromatic flavour.  

Oriental tobacco is mainly used in cigarette production and pipe blends. 

Perique

Originating from Louisiana and cultivated since the 18th century, Perique tobacco is too strong to be used alone. It is combined with other types, such as Virginia tobacco.  

Perique was historically an important ingredient in white dry and original portion snus, but is now minimally used for this purpose.

Aromatic Fire-cured

This special type of tobacco is fire-cured, giving it a distinctive flavour. It is grown in northern Tennessee, western Kentucky, and Virginia, typically used in the production of snus.  

White Burley

Cultivated since the second half of the 19th century in Ohio, White Burley has a mild, neutral flavour, light colour, and relatively high nicotine content. Most brands use it for producing cigarettes and chewing and pipe tobacco.